摘 要
少子化是目前教育現況中嚴峻的問題，而少子化所產生的持續減班的情形，衍生教師超額問題。「誰是超額教師？」影響著校內成員的工作士氣，對學校的運作產生一定的影響。本研究以微觀政治學檢視個案學校內利害關係人，透過訪談及參與觀察法方式，試圖理解與描述在「誰是超額教師？」情境脈絡下，意識型態分歧、利益爭奪以及策略運用下彼此的互動與拉扯。研究發現：「年資與績效間意識型態的分歧」容易導致教師產生困頓無奈的負向觀點；組織宜審慎評估未來趨勢，凝聚教師共識以減少「教師與組織間利益衝突」；學校體系內「各利害關係人間的微觀政治策略」應避免受制於權力階層型態，促進更合理的互動關係。最後建議，在教育部還未擬妥解決方案之前，學校內部宜儘早達成共識，讓面臨成為「超額教師」的教師心理有所準備，減低因「超額教師」問題引起的種種衝突。
關鍵詞：超額教師、微觀政治、少子化
Abstract
Declining birth rates is a critical issue in the current education situation. Due to the low birth rate, classes at schools are continuing reduction and the surplus teachers are caused. “Who are the surplus teachers?” affects the morale of school staff and has an impact on school operations. Aiming to understand and describe the interactions and tensions among ideological differences, competing interests, and strategic uses in the context of “Who is the surplus teacher?”, this study uses micro-politics to examine the stakeholders in the case school through interviews and participant observations. The study found that (1) “The ideological divergence between seniority and performance” can easily cause teachers to have a negative view of being confused and helpless; (2) institutions should carefully evaluate future trends and build consensus among teachers to reduce “conflicts of interest between teachers and institutions”; (3) the “micro-political strategies among all stakeholders” in the school system should avoid being constrained by the power hierarchies and promote more rational interactions. The final recommendation of this study suggests that before the Ministry of Education has formulated a solution, the school should reach a consensus as soon as possible to prepare the mentality of teachers facing becoming “Surplus teachers” and reduce the conflicts caused by the problem of “Surplus teachers”.
Keywords: Surplus Teachers, Micro-politics, Declining birth rates