摘 要
在建築節能設計需求下，利用情境式最佳化規劃技術，本研究發展了一套應用於未來淨零能耗建築之電能/熱水儲存設計及經濟效益規劃分析工具。當住宅建築內設置了可同時提供冷氣及住戶熱水的高效率節能空調熱泵電熱水器儲熱、太陽能光電發電及蓄電池儲電設備後，利用先進讀表基礎架構下的儲電/儲熱的能源管理系統，本工具可分析在未來住宅型微電網中數種電能匯率變化情境下，探討於不同用戶消耗電能型態/熱水使用習性下，如何建置出符合經濟效益的淨零能耗建築內設備最佳容量配置組合。考量的餘電購回電價匯率情境包括了，用戶平均電價、再生能源固定電價躉購價格及需量時間電價。面對的諸多重要系統設計狀況變數的不確定特性，利用長期大量的氣象時序數據納入淨零能耗建築電能/熱能的情境規劃架構下，可有效分析當未來住宅型微電網運轉後，規劃合理經濟效益下的再生能源電能供應管理系統，將有助於未來臺灣在推動零碳住宅型微電網的重要參考。
關鍵詞：先進讀表基礎建設、淨零耗能建築、餘電購回、時間電價、情境分析
Abstract
Since energy–saving buildings are in great demand, an economic analytical tool with optimal scenario planning is developed to design a future net zero energy building in this research. This building can store both electrification and heated water. Its deployment of a high efficiency energy–saving heat pump combines the following functions: air conditioning, electric water heating, photovoltaic generation and battery storage. This can also be constructed under an advanced metering infrastructure. Besides, this tool can measure how to plan the optimal deployment in this zero–carbon electrification building with micro–grid according to the household’s electricity or water heating use habits. Different net energy metering scenarios here include electricity tariffs, feed–in tariffs, time of use tariffs, load profiles and water heating habits. By integrating the long–term time series of meteorological data into the proposed scenario planning of this net zero energy building , the analysis tool can well describe the uncertainty in some state variables and achieve a cost–effective net zero energy buildings design. It is an important prototype to promote net–zero–electrification buildings and micro–grid in Taiwan.
Keywords: Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Net–Zero–Electrification Buildings, Net Energy Metering, Time of Use Tariff, Scenario Analysis