摘要
營造業常因天候、物料、人工、設計變更及施工不良等問題導致工程進度不如預期，因此趕工計畫為施工流程當中必要的項目之一，而趕工計畫一般皆由工程主管依據經驗來決定增加的人力數量及加班時間等，此舉常造成現場人力配置不當，甚至延遲工期。本研究藉由生產指示看板來控制工程專案進度，當進度落後需增加人力時，則藉由模擬最佳化演算法找出需增加的最佳施工人數後，重新增加看板數量與調配看板裡的工作量，使得工作量得到合理的分配，來執行最佳化後的趕工計畫。本研究使用臺灣南部的營造公司當作案例，來說明研究方法的有效性，研究顯示里程碑檢驗及兩天一次進度檢驗這兩種工程進度檢驗模式，平均成本分別降低10%和8.58%；最後我們透過敏感度分析，讓決策者了解人力數量、完工時間及總成本之間的互動變化，以作為未來規劃專案時程之參考。
關鍵詞：精實營建、看板、模擬最佳化、趕工計畫
Abstract
Construction progress could be slowed down due to many problems such as the weather, materials, manpower, design changes and improper construction, so a crashing plan is one of the crucial elements to the construction process. Construction managers usually increase the numbers of workers and overtime based on their experience when making a crashing plan, which often results in improper on-site manpower allocation and delays in work progress. This study controls construction progress by production indicative kanbans. When the construction progress falls behind schedule, the number of workers needs to be increased. Simulation optimization algorithms are used to find out an optimal increase in workers. With an optimal increase in workers, production kanbans are also increased and workload is re-adjusted to reach a balance between workforce and workload to execute an optimal crashing plan. A construction company in Southern Taiwan was used as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. For inspecting work progress, the study proposes two scenarios of progress inspections: milestone inspections and inspections once every two days. They both have advantages and disadvantages. The results show that through both inspections, the proposed approaches can decrease the cost by10% and 8.58% on average, respectively. Besides, both improved service levels. Finally, sensitivity analysis is concerned with how changes in the number of workers and completion time influence the total cost, which helps managers make an optimal future project schedule.
Keywords: Lean Construction, Kanbans, Simulation Optimization, Crashing Plan