摘 要
傳統上，身心障礙政策與社會福利措施多將身心障礙者定位為服務受惠者，但已有越來越多的身心障礙者透過個人洞察力與韌性，積極參與解決社會問題，逐漸轉型為具主動性的社會貢獻者。本文旨在探討身心障礙者如何從社會企業中的「被服務者」角色轉型為「服務提供者」。研究以障礙社會模式與人權取向作為理論基礎，透過深度訪談15位台灣身心障礙社會創業家，以及7位相關利害關係人，分析其主體生命經驗。透過質性訪談與主題分析，本研究指出政策框架、態度障礙與個人能動性之間的複雜互動，影響了身心障礙創業家的創業歷程。研究結果強調包容性政策的重要性、破除刻板印象的必要性，以及社會企業作為賦權轉型平台的關鍵角色。本研究建議政策制定者、教育工作者與社會創新培力單位，應重新定位身心障礙者為社會變革的重要推動者，而非僅是支持對象。
關鍵詞：身心障礙、社會企業、社會創新、個人機構、賦權、人權理論、社會模式
Abstract
Historically, disability-related policies have framed people with disabilities primarily as beneficiaries of social welfare. However, a growing number are transforming into active service providers, leveraging personal insight and resilience to address social problems. This article examines the transition from service recipients to social entrepreneurs among individuals with disabilities in Taiwan. Guided by a framework integrating the social model of disability with social entrepreneurship theory, the study explores how personal agency serves as a bridge between lived experience and social innovation. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 15 social entrepreneurs with disabilities and 7 key stakeholders, the research identifies the complex interplay between restrictive policy frameworks, attitudinal barriers, and the personal agency that shapes these entrepreneurial journeys. Findings highlight the necessity of dismantling stereotypes and positioning social entrepreneurship as a site of empowerment. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators to recognize people with disabilities not merely as recipients of support, but as crucial architects of social change.
Keywords: Disability studies, Social entrepreneurship, Social innovation, Personal agency, Empowerment, Inclusive policy, Social model