摘 要
當前再生能源技術快速發展之背景下，發電機作為能源轉換系統中最核心關鍵組件之一，其性能直接影響整體發電效率。隨著直驅技術與低轉高扭市場需求之增加趨勢，軸向無鐵芯永磁發電機憑藉高效能、低製造成本及輕量化設計逐漸受到業界重視。本文目標研發一款額定功率為一千瓦軸向無鐵芯海爾貝克永磁發電機，並利用海爾貝克排列方式，透過分析軟體對轉子與定子間之磁場分佈進行模擬，計算磁通密度及均勻分佈磁場，進一步提升發電效率與輸出穩定性。此外，無鐵芯結構設計有效消除了傳統鐵芯所引致之磁滯損失與渦流損失，從而顯著降低整機重量及提高運行效率。軟體模擬結果顯示，通過調整轉子磁場方向排列方式，能夠顯著減少磁場波動，同時結合極數、背鐵結構、繞組線圈數及線徑等重要設計參數，提升發電機整體效能。與傳統軸流式永磁發電機相比，本文所開發之海爾貝克發電機於發電量上可提升超過10%，且運行效率穩定維持在90% 以上。綜上所述，本研究透過海爾貝克排列應用於軸向無鐵芯永磁發電機之設計，可為低轉高扭之再生能源環境系統下，提供高效能之發電操作範圍。
關鍵詞：海爾貝克排列、無鐵芯、低轉高扭、軸流永磁發電機、再生能源
Abstract
In the current era of rapid development in renewable energy technology, generators serve as one of the most critical components in energy conversion systems, with their performance directly impacting overall generation efficiency. With the increasing demand for direct-drive technology and low-speed/high-torque markets, axial flux, ironless permanent magnet generators are gaining significant attention in the industry due to their high performance, low manufacturing costs, and lightweight design. This study aims to develop a one-kilowatt rated axial flux ironless permanent magnet generator by employing the Halbach arrangement. Simulation software is employed to analyze the magnetic field distribution between the rotor and stator, calculate the magnetic flux density, and ensure a uniform field distribution, enhancing both generation efficiency and output stability. Moreover, the ironless structure effectively eliminates the hysteresis and eddy current losses associated with traditional iron cores, significantly reducing the overall weight and improving operational efficiency. Simulation results indicate that adjusting the rotor’s magnetic field directional arrangement can significantly reduce magnetic field fluctuations. In addition, integrating key design parameters—including the number of poles, back iron structure, winding coil count, and wire diameter—further enhances the overall performance of the generator. Compared with conventional axial flux permanent magnet generators, the Halbach generator developed in this study achieves over a 10% increase in power output while maintaining an operational efficiency above 90%. In summary, the application of the Halbach arrangement in the design of axial flux ironless permanent magnet generators provides a highly efficient power generation solution for low-speed/high-torque renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Halbach array, Coreless, Low-speed high-torque, Generator, Renewable energy